专升本的英语语法知识点 专升本考试:大学英语语法复习重点

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一、普通专升本语法应该怎么学

完备的英语语法体系应该包含如下重要的语法知识点:三大从句(名词性从句,定语从句,状语从句),三种非谓语动词(动名词、不定式和分词),三种特殊结构(省略结构、比较结构、倒装结构)。

语法学习贵在持之以恒。语法学习是能顺利通过专升本考试的因素之一。所以考生要静下心来,结合做题来学习,即先看语法书,然后做相应的题目巩固语法知识。

如果题目做得不理想,这会成为你学习的阻力;如果题目做得不错,说明你对这部分语法知识掌握得不错。

在以后专升本备考复习的时候,加强对基本的英语语法知识进行整理,形成一个完整的体系,同时也要学会对一些特殊的英语语法现象进行归纳总结。

二、河南专升本的英语的语法重点

考试重点:一般现在时(if从句和as soon as从句);进行时表将来;现在完成时和现在完成进行时的区别;完成时瞬间动词以及have(has)been, have(has)gone的区别;过去完成时的时间状语;将来完成时。

1、表示经常发生的动作或存在的状态:常和always, usually, often,sometimes, every day, every week的等时间状语连用。

例:He goes to work every day.他每天去上班。

2、表示普遍的真理。由于是众所周知的客观事实,所以一般不用时间状语。

例:The earth is round.地球是圆的。

3、有些表示心理状态或感情的动词往往用一般现在时。

例:I don’t think you are right.我以为你错了。

4、在时间、条件状语从句中表示将来的动作:常用的连词有as soon as,when,till,if。

(1)They will go home for winter vocation as soon as they ________their exams.

A. have finished B. finish C. finished D. was finishing(答案:B)

(2)When the mixture ______, it will give off a powerful force.

A. will heat B. will be heated C. is heated D. has heated(答案:C)

1、表示过去的动作或状态:常和过去时间状语连用。just now, last year等。

例:You've already missed too many classes this term.You _____ two classes just last week.

A. missed B. would miss C. had missed D. have missed

(答案:A.有具体的时间状语要用过去时.

2、used to do sth:过去常常做…

例:I used to take a walk in the morning.

我过去是在早晨散步。(意味着现在不在早晨散步了。)

1、will(shall)+原形动词:表示将来的动作或状态。

例:He will come and help you.他会来帮助你的。

2、be going to+动词原形:表示马上就要发生的事情或打算好要做的事。

例:Are you going to attend the lecture?你打算去听这个演讲吗?

3、be to+动词原形:表示安排或计划好了的动作。

例:The Third-Ring Road is to be open to traffic before National Day.

4、be about to+动词原形:表示即将发生的动作。

5、例:The lecture is about to begin.讲座即将开始。

6、某些表示开始、终结、往来行动的动词如:go,come, start, arrive, leave等的现在进行时可表示将来。

(1)We are leaving for Beijing tomorrow.我们明天动身去北京。

(2)The foreign guests are arriving in Jinan tonight.外宾今晚到达济南。

四、过去将来时表示在过去预计将要发生的动作,常用于宾语从句。

例:He wanted to know when the conference would start.

1、表示此时此刻(说话时)正在进行的动作。

例:The teacher is talking with his students.这位老师正在同他的学生交谈。

2、表示现阶段正在进行的动作,但此刻并不一定在进行。

例:I am attending a conference in Beijing.我正在北京参加一个会议。

1、表示在过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。常需用表示过去的时间状语或通过上下文来判断时间。

例:He was doing his homework from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点他正在做作业。

(1)I fell and hurt myself while I _____tennis.

A. was playing B. am playing C. play D. played

(答案:A。连接词when表示时间上的点,其所引导的句子用过去时,while表示持续的一段时间,其所引导的句子用过去进行时。)

(2)When you _____ this over with her, you should not see her any more.

A. talk B. talked C. will talk D. talking(答案为B)

(3)One of the guards _____ when the general came in, which made him very angry.

A. has slept B. were sleeping C.slept D. was sleeping(答案为D)

3、过去进行时表示过去将来的动作。现在进行时可以表示将来的动作,同样,过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看将来要发生的动作。

例:He went to see Xiao Li. He was leaving early the next morning.他去看小李。他第二天一早就要离开此地了。

1、表示动作刚刚结束(常和just, now, already, yet等词连用);或表示动作的结果(一般不用时间状语)。

(1)Li Ming has just turned off the light.李明刚刚把灯关上。(说明现在灯已经关上了)

(2)I have lost my pen.我把笔丢了。(说明过去某时丢的,现在我还没有找到这支笔。)

2、表示过去某时开始的动作一直延续到现在,并且可能会继续延续下去(常用since引导的短语或从句,或由for引导的短语连用)。

(1)He has lived here for 30 years.他住在这儿已经三十年了。(现在还住在这儿)

(2)They’ve known each other since childhood.他们从小彼此相识。(现在还继续来往)

3、非延续性动词的完成时和it is+时间+since…..(过去时)

英语中有些动词不能延续,因此不能和表示延续的时间状语连用。

(1)He has _____ the army for ten years and is now an officer.

A. gone into B. joined in C. been in D. come into

(答案:C。用现在完成时表示“继续”的概念时,只能用含有持续意义的动词,不可用瞬间性动词。)

(2)It is 3 years since I left Shanghai.我离开上海已经三年了。

(如果是非延续动词,这时常用 it is+时间+since的句型代替,从句用过去时态。)

4、have(has)been to和have(has)gone to的区别

have(has)been to:去过某地(表示某人的一种经历),可以和once,twice,often,never,ever连用。

have(has)gone to:去某地了(表示某人已经离开此地,在去某地的路途上或已在某地,所以一般来说此句型只用于第三人称),此句型不能与上述时间状语连用。

(1)He has gone to America.(意思为他已经去了美国,现在不在此地)

(2)He has been to America twice.他去过美国两次。

1、表示在过去的某一时间或动作之前已经完成了的动作(即过去的过去)。这个过去的某一时间可用by, before等介词或连词引导的短语或一个从句来表示。

例:About the sixth century A.D. when few Europeans could read, the Chinese _____ paper.

A. invented B. had invented C. have invented D. had been invented(答案:B)

2、表示从过去某一时间开始,一直持续到另一个过去的时间的动作。

例:The chemistry class _____ for five minutes when we hurried there.

A. had been on B. was on C. has been on D. would be on(答案:A)

3、在含有before, after, as soon as等连词引导的状语从句的复合句中,由于连词本身可以明确表示动作发生的先后顺序,因此,主句和从句都可以用一般过去时表示,而不用过去完成时。

例:I called him as soon as I arrived.我刚一到就给他打 *** 。

4、过去完成时常用在no sooner…than…, hardly/scarcely/barely…when…,一…就…。句型之中,句子到装。

(1)No sooner had we sat down _____ we found it was time to go.

A. than B. when C. as D. while(答案为A)

(2)Scarcely had he opened the door when a gust of wind blew the candle out.他刚打开门,蜡烛就被一阵风吹灭了。

表示在将来某一时间以前完成的动作。

1、By the time John gets home, his aunt _____.

A. will have B. leaves C. will have left D. is leaving(答案:C)

2、I _____ writing the article by the time you get back.

A. shall finish B. must have finished C. have finished D. shall have finished(答案:D)

表示从过去某时一直延续到现在的一个动作,这个动作一般会继续延续下去,或是到说话时结束,但是强调到说话时为止一直在做的动作。

例:I _____ on the door for ten minutes now without an answer.

A. was knocking B. am knocking C. knocking D. have been knocking(答案:D)

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三、专升本考试:大学英语语法复习重点

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1.She would have come if we invited her.

这是与过去事实相反的虚拟假设,从句应该用过去完成时。所以在 we后加 had.

2.My suggestion is that we would send a few people to help them.

suggestion的表语从句也应用虚拟语气,必须用should加动词原形,should可以省略。此处去掉would或把would改为should。

3.The secretary wishes that she has time to type the letter now.

wish后的时态应该把真实时态往后推一个时态,所以把has改为had。

4.It’s time that we go to bed.

句式为It’s time *** did sth所以把 go改为 went。

5.I would rather you have another try tomorrow.

词组为would rather *** did sth.所以把have改为had。

6.There are a bag and several books on the table.

There be句式遵循谓语动词就近原则,a bag为单数,所以把are改为is。

7.There were several people stood at the back of the room.

There be句式的谓语动词为be动词,句中其他的动词应为非谓语动词。所以把stood改为standing.

8.We almost have written twenty compositions this term.

像almost这样的副词在句中放在助动词、be动词之后,实意动词之前。因此把almost放在have后面。

9.The girl has beautiful, silky hair who lives high in the mountains.

定语从句应紧跟先行词,所以改为:The girl, who lives high in the mountains, has beautiful, silky hair.

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